Agenda 2026
Committees & Topics
Explore the global issues that will define the debate at UNISCA 202
01
De-Facto Slavery in the Gulf States
Across Gulf economies, migrants from South Asia and East Africa are the backbone of the economy. However, their legal and social position in these states leads them to be severely exploited, despite formal reforms. The rise of a rules-based international order has led to state sovereignty, global supply chains, and multilateral institutions undermining universal labor, and human rights.
Human Rights Council
02
Digital Surveillance and Authoritarianism
Digital authoritarianism is when states or leaders use digital technology, such as AI, surveillance, and social media,to control, surveil, censor, and manipulate populations, violating privacy rights and eroding democratic norms. Solutions have already been implemented to address this issue, including Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), but much more remains to combat this prevalent problem.
03
Afghan Refugees in Pakistan
Due to the recent conflict with the Taliban, Pakistan has demanded that all Afghan refugees return to their home country, claiming they pose a “security risk.” Fear has intensified among Afghan refugees, as many are undocumented and face a high risk of being arrested. This situation raises human rights concerns and whether international law, namely the principle of non-refoulement, is being followed
Economic and Social Council
01
High-Frequency Trading and Structural Inequality in Global Financial Governance
The rise of high-frequency trading has deepened structural inequalities in global financial governance, concentrating profits and regulatory power in advanced financial centres while exposing developing economies to volatility they cannot control. The environmental and fiscal burdens of ultra-fast finance further compound the global North-South economic divide, placing disproportionate costs on states with the least capacity to absorb them.
02
The left-behind, populism, and protectionism
Economic specialisation under globalisation has produced deep structural inequalities within and between societies, creating clear winners and losers across skills, regions, and sectors. As the benefits of open markets concentrate among elites while costs fall on vulnerable communities, political support for globalisation has weakened, fuelling protectionism and resistance to international cooperation. These dynamics threaten the institutions that underpin global economic governance and collective problem-solving.
03
Illegal Gold mining in South America
Illegal gold mining has surged in Colombia, Peru, and Brazil, where organised crime groups exploit high gold prices to generate revenue that exceeds drug trafficking profits. The illicit trade undermines Latin American economies, contributes to Amazon deforestation, and creates loopholes in U.S. and international anti-money laundering regulations. Operating outside formal taxation and regulatory systems, these networks exacerbate inequality and strengthen criminal enterprises.
01
Sanctions, counter-sanctions and the race to the bottom
In a multipolar world, the expanding use of unilateral and coalition-based sanctions outside the UN framework risks undermining collective decision-making, legal consistency, and humanitarian norms. As major powers weaponise their control over shared financial, technological, and energy infrastructures, the authority of multilateral institutions like the Security Council is challenged. The case highlights how economic coercion, when imposed without multilateral consensus, can erode trust in international rules, incentivise norm circumvention, and weaken the idea that global order is governed by shared principles rather than power asymmetries.
Security Council
02
Dual uses in the Sudan conflict
Geopolitical divisions deepen in Sudan’s civil war, as commercially available drones and dual-use chemical agents proliferate across a fragmented conflict landscape. The parallel availability of both technologies creates a volatile environment with the potential for rapid and catastrophic escalation. The situation is further complicated by porous borders, regional militia networks, and weakened enforcement of international norms, raising fears that Sudan could become a testing ground for improvised and unmonitored chemical delivery methods.
03
Fisherboat attacks in the South China Sea
Tensions escalate in the South China Sea following a suspicious maritime collision involving a Filipino fishing vessel near the Spratly Islands. Competing territorial claims, hybrid maritime tactics, artificial island construction, and contested environmental data, intensify regional mistrust and undermine the rules-based international order by blurring the line between lawful activity, and accountability, in disputed maritime spaces.
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